Apparatus for devolatilizing coal, wood, shales, &amp;c.



C. M. GARLAND'. 'APPARATUS'FORDEVOLATI'LIZING COAL, woon, s'HALEsgw.

APPLICATION' FILED MAR. 31 i919."

PatentedSept 27, 1921,-

||||||| :luf 1 :l .Inl lili CLAUDE M. GARLAND, or CHICAGO, prnianvors.

APPARATUS ron. Yn EvoLA'JrILIznvsr coAr., Woon, sHALEs, a'w.

` To alll whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, CLAUDE GARLAND,

a citizen of the United States,`residing inv Chicago, in the Y,county ofCook and State of Illinois, have invented new and useful Im.

provements in Apparatus. for Devolatilizing Coal, Wood, Shales, &c.', ofwhich the folvlowing .is a specification.

My invention has for its object the prlvision of-improved means forcoking bituminous coaland devolatilizing such fuels as wood', ligniteand shales, whereby-the time rrequired for devolatilizing is greatlyreduced, the-products resulting therefrom ining of fuels `at a lowtemperature. In this process it has been found that in order to .cokesuch fuels rapidly the fuel must be divided into thin layers in orderfor the heatv Afully my invention. Referring to the drawthat `follows.

`peratures used do not i2000/F.; y In my apparatusthe coking ordevo1at1hz-- creased in quantity and the labor required in the operationgreatly lessened.

Further objects .and advantages of the invention will beset vforth inthe description The apparatus, is intended vfor the, cokto reach thecenter of .the mass. The teming is carried out in a cast iron retortwhich is divided into a number of narrowcompartm-ents formed bypartitions which 'extend crosswise of theretort. A large number ofthese,partitions are formed in one retort and a common coveris used forall of the compartmentsformed by the .partitions The' accompanyingdrawings which formA a part of this specication illustrate more ingsinwhichlike numerals designate like parts in the various figures, Figure 1shows an elevation in section taken on the line XX of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 isan elevation in section taken on the line ZZ' of Fig. 3.- Fig. 3 is a f'plan in part section taken on the line YYl of Fig.l 1.] Fig. 4, a detailshowing the means of supporting the'swinging bottom 12, by

- the dog 14.

Referring to the4 drawings the numeral l indicates a closed heatingchamber which is covered with an insulating medium 20. This heatingchamber is supportedon the beams 19 at a suitable distance from theground.

i Extending through the heating chamber are a plurality of retorts 2`which are preferably made fromf'cast iron. 'Ihese retorts vare 'difivided into a llarge numberof compartments Specication of Letters Patent.Application led March 3, 1919. ASerial No.

the. dog 14. This is as a rule. exceed` Patented Sept. 27, 1921.

4, byl the `cast iron partitions 3. The vre-` torts12 may be made of anyconvenient length, preferably'not exceeding twelve feet.

The width 'o f the retort is approximately Il2 p inches, while the depthof the retort is ap- The partitions are4 proximately' .`12 ft. spacedapproximately 4 in'. apart and these partitlons are made thickerat thetop than at the bottom. The 'sides of the retorts 2 arc a little'fartherapart at the bottom than `at the top. The compartmentsf4 therefore havela tapering section which makes'the `devolatilized fuel drop out when theswinging 4door 12 is dropped. The Aswinging door or bottom 12 is hingedat 13. The lowerzend of` the retort 2 is enlarged to accommodate the tomis `dropped the'fueLslides out without lnterferlng with the bottom. 14is a dog swinging bottom 12 so thatwhen the botwhich normally holds thebottom 12 in the osition shown on the drawings. When this og 1s moved toone side the bottom drops. V

Fig. 4 shows a detail of thearrangement of pivoted at 24 tothe side ofthe retort" 2.

The retorts 2 are closed'at the top by the covers .6, The .sides ofthese covers dipl intol a channel 8 which is cast around ythe top of theretort. This channel is filled with pitch which remains liquid duetotheheat inthe retort and seals off the top of the retort preventing` theescape of gas. The vertical i partitions 3 eXtendingcrosswise of theretorts 2 do not extendthe full length of the titions 3 are cut oflE Atoaccommodate the swinging bottom 12. The gas .outlet -connections 5 areprovided in the retort near the 90 'retorts.' At the top thesepartitions are cut offv about 12.inches below the tops of the'lvyretorts 2. This provides a gas space in the top of the retort. At thebottom these parupper end and above the fuel level which` is maintainedat thetop of the partitions'. Preferably na gas ofl'take connection 5 isprovided onJ each side of the retort.

Abottomvcover plate 7 `provided with a channel V9 which is also filledwith pitchv serves to seal off the bottom of the retort and prevent theescape of gas. The bottom cover plates 7 are supported in place by meansof the'hooks 10. ,l

In the lower part of the heating chamber 1, liues 17 are provided fordelivering hot gas tothe interior of the'heating chamber.`

The ues 17 are provided with inlet connec- 'tions 18. A Hue 1'? isprovided on each side of the retorts 2. These flues 17 admit eithersuperheated steam, products of combustion or other -hot gases which passup along4 the sides of the retorts 2 and leave the heating chamberthrough the vflues 15. which'are also vlocated in the top of the heatingchamber, 'one on each side of each retort 2. The-hues f and 17 arepreferably perforatedso as to uniformlyrdistribute the heating medium.The cover plates 6 are provided with lift- 'ing rings 11. s'

The operation of the apparatus is as follows: The cover plates areremoved and the removed, the bottom 12 droppedfand the.

swinging'bottom 12 raised into `the position shown on the drawings andheld in place bythe dogsv 141. Fuel is'then charged into thecompartments 4 up to the top of the par'- l titions 3. The cover plates6 and 7 are 'then placed Vin position and a hot` gas passed through thefines 17, up through the heating chamberl and out through the fiues 15.After the .fuel is coked the cover plates are fuel slides out. Theretorts are then again charged andthe operation repeated.

From the foregoing description Vit will-be seen that simple andefiicientrmeanfs are herein provided for'the rapid devolatilizing of afuel. The thick partitions 3 extending crosswise of the retort rapidlyconduct the heat into the mass of fuel. A pluralityof compartmentscovered by a single cover plate, top and bottom, insures a minimum oflabor in the operation. While they elements shown and described are welladapted to serve` the purpose for which they are iny tion is not limited4to il heating chamber, a vertical retort extending through the saidheatingchamber, a plurallty of vertical partitions extending crosswiseof the said retort and means for discharging a heating medium Within thesaid heating chamber and adjacent to the sides ofthe said verticalretort whereby the fuel contained in the said retort is-"heated pro`gressively from 'the outer edges toward the center.

'3. In apparatus of the type described a heating chamber, .aV 'verticalretort extending through the said heating chamber, the

length of the said retort being greater than the breadth thereof, aplurality of `metal partitions vertically disposed, andV extendingcrosswise of the said retort whereby the said retort is divided into apluralityof narrow compartments and lues for the disy of thetype de#charge of a heating medium on'each side,v

'of the" said retort.

4. In apparatus of the type described a heating chamber, a verticalmetallic retort extendlng through the said heating chamber, the llengthyof the said retort being greater than the breadth thereof, a plurality`of heat conducting partitions vertically d isposed and extendingcrosswise of the said retort and flues for the -discharge of aheating\medium within the' said heating chamber and on each side of thesaid retort.

` 5. In apparatus ofl the type described, a

heating chamber, a vertical metallic retort4 extending lthrough the saidheating chami-ber, the length of the" `said retort being greater thanthe breadth thereof, .a plurality of heat conducting partitionsvertically disposed and extending crosswise of the saidv l retort, a gastight cover for the top of the said retort, the said cover adapted tobeing able gas tight cover for the bottom of the removed for thecharging` of fuel, a) removsaid retort, a gas ofl'take"I connectionwfor1 the removal of the'products of distillation from within the saidretort, and 'means for the discharge of a hot gas within the said'heating chamber and adjacent to the sides l of the said metallicretort. l 6. In apparatus of the type described, a heating greater thanthe breadth thereof, a plurality of heat'conducting partitionsvertically disposed and extending crosswise vlof the said chamber, avertical metallic retort extending through the said heating cha'm ber,lthe length of the said retort being retort, a removable gas tight coverfor the top of the said retort, a swinging bottom under the saidpartitions and Vwlthin. the.

. said retort adapted to support `the fuel within the retortand a gastight cover closing the bottom of the retort and removablysupportedtherefrom.

In apparatus of the type described, a

heatindg chamber, "a vertical cast iron retortv s exten ng through thesaid heating'chamber, the length of the said :retort being greater thanthe breadth thereof, a plurality of parallel metal partitions verticallydisi "posed `'and extending crosswise of the said retort, a liquidsealed cover plate for the top of the said retort, afli' uid lsealedbot,

tom plate for'the bottom o the said retort L dium withinthe said heatingchamber-and Von each side of 1the ysaid vertical cast ironv retort.-

8. In apparatus of the type described, a

heating chamber, avertie-al retort extendingv v through.,the saidyheating chamber, a pluand flues for the discharge of a heating me-`ralityof metal partitions vertically disposed and extending crosswise ofthe said retort, a flue for, the discharge vof a heatedv gas `within thesaidheatingchamber and near the bottom thereof and an offtake flueforremoving the heated gas discharged from the first named flue and locatednear the top of the said heating chamber.

9. In apparatus of the type described, a heating chamber, a verticalmetallic retort extending through the said heating chamber, the lengthof the said retort being greater than the breadth thereof, a pluralityof metal partitions vertically disposed and extending crosswise of thesaid retort, a perforated flue on each side of the said retort andparallel thereto located within the said heating chamber and near thebottom thereof, each of the said flues being adapted to discharge aheated gas adjacent to the walls of the said retort and a perforatedoff-take flue for the removal of the said gas on each side of the saidretort located Within the said heating chamber and near the top thereof,whereby a heated gas is caused to flow from the said bottom flues upwardand adjacent the sides of the said retort and out through the saidoff-take fiues.

l0. In apparatus of the type described, a heating chamber, a verticalmetallic retort extending through the said heating chamber, the lengthof the said retort being greater than the breadth thereof, a pluralityof partitions vertically disposed and extending crosswise of the saidretort, the said partitions being tapered from bottom to top and theside walls of the said retort being spaced a greater distance apart atthe lbot-- tom than at the top whereby a plurality of taperingcompartments vare formed within the said retort, the large end of thesaid compartments being located at thebottom of the said retort.

l1. In apparatus of the type described, a heating chamber, a pluralityof vertical'cast iron retorts, of rectangular horizontalsection'extending lengthwise of the said chamber, each retort beingdivided byfpartitions into a plurality of narrow vertical compartments,a gas tight removable cover formingv the top of each of the saidretorts, a gas tight removable cover forming the bottom of each of thesaidl retorts, a gas off-take pipe for the removal of the products ofdistillation from eachof the Said retorts and means for.l

supplying a heating medium within the said heating chamber and on eachside of the said cast iron Vertical retorts.

12. In apparatus of the type described, a plurality of yparallelvertical metallic retorts, a heating chamber inclosing the said retorts,a flue for the discharge of hot gas between each of the said retorts andnear the bottom of the said heating chamber and a -gas off-take iuebetween each of the said retorts and near the top of the said heatingchamber, whereby a heated gas is caused to flow from the bottom to thetop of the said heating chamber and between the said retorts therein.

13. In apparatus of the type described, a vertical open ended retort, aplurality of vertical open ended compartments within the said retort anda plurality of gas tight covers for each end of the said retort, each ofthe said covers being common to a plurality of the said compartments.

414:. In apparatus of the type described a vertical open ended retort ofrectangular section, a plurality of narrow open ended verticalcompartments within the said retort and liquidsealed gas tight coversclosing the top and bottom ends of the said retort common to a pluralityof the said compartments "I CLAUDE M. GARLAND.

Witnesses:Y

I. J. BONNER, ETrmL PETER.

